ATN ACADEMY

 MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS- PRODUCTION FUNCTION M. COM. SEMESTER-I   Production function is a concept in managerial economics that describes the relationship between the inputs used in the production process and the resulting level of output. In other words, it is a mathematical equation that shows how much output can be produced from a given set of inputs. The production function can be used to analyze the efficiency of the production process and to determine the optimal level of production given the resources available. The general form of a production function is as follows: Q = f(K, L) where Q is the level of output, K is the quantity of capital input, and L is the quantity of labor input. The production function shows how the level of output (Q) is affected by the amount of capital and labor used in the production process. Example:  A company produces widgets using two inputs: labor and capital. The company's production function is given by: Q = 5K^(0.5) L^(0.5) where Q is the quan

 How is managerial economics related to different disciplines ? ************************************************* Economics in relation to other social sciences ************************************************* Economics is a social science which deals with human wants and their satisfaction. It is related to other social sciences like sociology, politics, history, ethics, jurisprudence and psychology. For example, the economic development of a nation depends not only on economic factors but also on historical, political and sociological factors. Our country did not have much of economic progress during the British rule owing to historical reasons. Again, we had slow but steady economic growth in our country because of political stability. But in many other countries, there was no steady growth because of political instability. If there is one government today and another government tomorrow, there will not be economic development in that country.  We shall discuss, in some detail, eco

 SYLLABUS B. COM. YEAR-1 SEMESTER-II PAPER-1 PAPER NAME- BUSINESS MANAGEMENT  ################################## UNIT-I Introduction: Concept, Characteristics, Nature, Process and Significance of Management; Managerial Roles (Mintzberg); Development of Management Thought; Classical and Neo Classical System; Contingency Approach, System Approach. Discuss the Management Practices in Indian “Vedas”. UNIT-II Planning: Concept, Characteristics, Process, Importance and Types, Criteria of effective planning. Decision-Making: Concept, Process, Types and Importance. Management by Objectives. Organisation: Concept, Nature, Process and Significance. Authority and Responsibility  Relationship. Organisational Structure - Functional & Divisional UNIT-III Directing: Concept and Techniques, Motivation- Concept, Types, Importance, Theories-Maslow,  Herzberg, McGregor, Ouchi, Financial and Non-Financial Incentives. Leadership: Meaning, Concept, Functions and Leadership styles, Likert’s Four System o

 ************************************************* S.  M. (PG) COLLEGE, CHANDAUSI ************************************************* MODEL FORMAT FOR MID TERM PAPERS/ TEST/EVALUATION CLASS-M. COM.     YEAR-1       SEMESTER-I MID TERM EXAM/TEST                 YEAR-2023 NAME OF PAPER-MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS  PAPER -3 MAXIMUM MARKS-30  MINIMUM/PASSING MARKS-12 ************************************************* Section-A ---- Long Answer Type Questions---- Maximum Marks-20 ************************************************* निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों में से किन्हीं दो प्रश्न का उत्तर दीजिए। प्रत्येक प्रश्न 10 अंकों का है।  Answer any two of the following questions.  Each question is of 10 marks. 1-मांग पूर्वानुमान से आप क्या समझते हैं? प्रबंधकीय अर्थशास्त्री मांग का पूर्वानुमान किस प्रकार करते हैं?(What do you understand by demand forecasting?  How do managerial economists forecast demand?) 2-उत्पादन के विभिन्न सिद्धांतों/नियमों का वर्णन कीजिए।(Describe the various principles/laws of production.) 3-निम

************************************************* S.  M. (PG) COLLEGE, CHANDAUSI ************************************************* MODEL FORMAT FOR MID TERM PAPERS/ TEST/EVALUATION CLASS-M. COM.     YEAR-1       SEMESTER-I MID TERM EXAM/TEST                 YEAR-2023 NAME OF PAPER-BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODOLOGY  PAPER- 1 MAXIMUM MARKS-30  MINIMUM/PASSING MARKS-12 ************************************************* Section-A ---- Long Answer Type Questions---- Maximum Marks-20 ************************************************* निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों में से किन्हीं दो प्रश्न का उत्तर दीजिए। प्रत्येक प्रश्न 10 अंकों का है।  Answer any two of the following questions.  Each question is of 10 marks. 1-शोध डिजाइन के अंतर्गत वर्णित विभिन्न बिंदुओं का वर्णन कीजिए।(Describe the various points mentioned under research design.) 2-एक व्यवसायिक शोध रिपोर्ट तैयार करने संबंधी आदर्श प्रारूप का वर्णन कीजिए।(Describe the ideal format for preparing a business research report.) 3-किसी शोध अध्ययन के अंतर्गत लिखे ज

 B. COM. SEMESTER-4-LIST OF PAPERS & SLLABUS CLASS-B. COM.  YEAR-2 SEMESTER-4TH  ************************************************ SECTION -A COMPULSORY PAPERS ALL PAPERS FROM 1 TO 3 ##################################  Paper – 1- Income Tax Law and Accounts  ################################## UNIT -I Introduction : History of income tax ,in India, Taxation Policy of Raja Todarmal and Kautilya. Important Definitions: Assessee, Person, Income, Total Income, Assessment Year & Previous Year.  Agricultural Income& its assessment. Residence & Tax Liability (Basis of Charge). Exempted Incomes. UNIT -II  Heads of income Income from Salaries, Income from House Property. Depreciation, Profits andGains of Business and Profession, Capital gains, Income from Other Sources,. UNIT -III  Computation of Total Income : Gross Total income, Set off and carry forward  of losses and Clubbing of Income, Deductions from Gross Total Income, Taxable Total Income  UNIT -IV  Computation and Procedu