ATN ACADEMY

  Managerial Economics  Definition, Types, Nature, Principles, and Scope ************************************************* What is Managerial Economics? Definition, Types, Nature, Principles, and Scope  Businesses run on various theories that are explained in Economics. Managerial Economics is the stream of management studies that emphasizes solving problems in businesses using the theories in micro and macroeconomics. This branch of economics is used by firms to not only find a solution to problems in daily running but also for long-term planning. We can also say that Managerial economics is a practical application of theories in economics. “Managerial economics is concerned with the application of economic concepts and economic analysis to the problems of formulating rational managerial decisions.” - Edwin Mansfield, Economics Professor, University of Pennsylvania   We should also look here at What is economics? Economics is an inevitable part of any business. All the business assump

 ************************************************* BUSINESS/MARKETING RESEARCH METHODOLOGY GLOSSARY OF MARKETING/BUSINESS RESEARCH TERMS ************************************************* 1. Aided recall. Respondents are asked if they remember a commercial for the brand being tested. Alternative hypothesis. A competing hypothesis to the null. Attitude. A learned predisposition to respond in a consistently favourable or unfavourable manner with respect to a given object. Audit. A formal examination and verification of either how much of a product has sold at the store level (retail audit) or how much of a product has been withdrawn from warehouses and delivered to retailers (warehouse withdrawal audits). Balanced scale. Scale using an equal number of favourable and unfavourable categories. Banner. The variables that span the columns of the cross-tab; generally represents the subgroups being used in the analysis. Before-after design. Experiment where a measurement is taken from respondent

 लागत धारणायें (Cost Concepts) मौद्रिक लागत और वास्तविक लागत (Money Cost and Real Cost) Business Economics Cost Concepts निजी और सामाजिक लागतें (Private and Social Costs) Business Economics Cost Concepts वास्तविक लागत और अवसर लागत (Actual Cost and Opportunity Cost) Business Economics Cost Concepts विगत लागत एवं भावी लागत (Past Cost and Future Cost) Business Economics Cost Concepts अल्पकालीन लागत और दीर्घकालीन लागत (Short-term Cost and Long-term Cost) Business Economics Cost Concepts प्रत्यक्ष लागत और अप्रत्यक्ष लागत (Director Traceable Cost and Indirect or Common Cost) रोकड़ी लागत और किताबी लागत (Out-of-Pocket Cost and Book Cost) Business Economics Cost Concepts बचाव–योग्य लागत और बचाव अयोग्य लागत (Escapable Cost and Unescapable Cost) प्रतिस्थापन और ऐतिहासिक लागतें (Replacement and Historical Costs) | Business Economics Cost Concepts तालाबन्दी या कार्य निरस्ति लागत तथा कार्य परित्याग लागत। (Shut Down Cost and Abandonment Cost) Business Economics Cost Concepts परिवर्तनशील, स्थिर तथा अर्

 S.  M. (PG) COLLEGE, CHANDAUSI ************************************************* MODEL FORMAT FOR MID TERM PAPERS/ TEST/EVALUATION CLASS-M. COM.  YEAR-1 SEMESTER-I MID TERM EXAM                          YEAR-2023 SUBJECT - COMMERCE NAME OF PAPER- 1-BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (30 MARKS) 2-MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS (30 MARKS)  PAPER CODE- MAXIMUM MARKS-30 MINIMUM MARKS- PASSING MARKS ************************************************* खंड-अ           दीर्घ उत्तरीय प्रश्न            अधिकतम अंक-10  ************************************************* निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों में से किसी एक प्रश्न का उत्तर दीजिए। प्रत्येक प्रश्न 10 अंकों का है।  1. 2. 3. ************************************************* खंड-ब             लघु उत्तरीय प्रश्न            अधिकतम अंक-10  ************************************************* निम्नलिखित में से किन्हीं दो प्रश्नों का उत्तर दीजिए। प्रत्येक प्रश्न 5 अंकों का है।  1. 2. 3. ************************************************* खंड-स         प्रोजेक्ट/असाइनमेंट         अधि